The manifestation of the phenomenon of lobbying in the United States of America and European countries

Abstract

In the United States, lobbying involves the paid activity in which special interests hire professional lawyers with well-established connections to rule on specific legislation in decisionmaking bodies. There is therefore clearly an interdependent cycle here regarding lobbying and its regulations, which progress and become more rigid as the loopholes exploited by lobbyists are discovered, as well as the ratification of amendments in cases of serious deviations from the law, which have caused notorious litigation. At the same time, the European Union prefers to give greater importance to social dialogue and the transparency of decision-making of its institutions, in order to protect them from potentially unfavorable influences that would not respect open, free and equal competition in terms of influencing legislative decision-making processes. On the other hand, in the case of Russia and the Republic of Moldova, being an activity, probably, latent in the legal systems of the respective countries, the aspect of lobbying remains rudimentary, as neither exhaustive regulatory laws, nor codes of conduct or transparency registers have been developed. Finally, accountability, transparency, responsiveness and fairness – are four fundamental principles with the ability to shape a fair regulation of lobbying, based on the premises that a lawmaking process designed around these principles should aim to increase general trust in the decision-making process and democratic institutions and improve the quality of decisions overall