Integration of the energy market of the Republic of Moldova into the european market. Technical, legal and regulatory aspects

Abstract

Energy security is a fundamental pillar of the economic and political stability of every state. In the current geopolitical context marked by instability and the imperatives of the transition to green sources, energy security and sustainability have acquired a central role in the strategic agenda of European countries. This article analyzes the complexity of the process of integrating the Moldovan energy system into the European energy network and market, highlighting the technical, legal and regulatory aspects involved. Integration is driven by the pressing need of the Republic of Moldova to diversify its energy sources and increase its energy security and resilience. A decisive step was the emergency synchronization with the ENTSO-E network in 2022, followed by the development of interconnections with Romania. However, full integration requires investments in energy infrastructure, modernization, digitalization and real-time balancing of networks, as well as alignment with European technical and operating codes. From a legal point of view, the Republic of Moldova has largely taken over the Third Energy Package, but deficiencies in practical application persist – especially regarding real competition, institutional independence and consumer protection. The article proposes concrete measures: full harmonization with the community acquis, coupling of the balancing market with Romania, institutional consolidation and trilateral cooperation (RO-MD-UA). Integration is not only a technical endeavor, but also a geopolitical challenge, which implies a long-term strategic vision. The creation of a functional and integrated energy market in the European market will transform the Republic of Moldova into a viable and predictable energy partner in the region.