Principiul prezumției de nevinovăție în sistemul principiilor fundamentale ale dreptului și în reglementările internaționale
Keywords:
presumption of innocence, procedural guarantee, fair trial, burden of proof, rightto silenceAbstract
Articolul analizează comprehensiv principiul prezumției de nevinovăție, abordat atât ca drept subiectiv fundamental, cât și ca garanție procesuală indispensabilă unui proces penal echitabil. Cercetarea evidențiază fundamentele istorice și teoretice ale acestui principiu, precum și consacrarea sa în cadrul documentelor internaționale relevante – în special Convenția Europeană a Drepturilor Omului și Directiva (UE) 2016/343 – și în legislația națională a Republicii Moldova. În acest context, este examinată substanța normativă și jurisprudențială a prezumției de nevinovăție, cu accentul pus pe implicațiile acesteia asupra sarcinii probei, aplicării standardului in dubio pro reo, respectării dreptului la tăcere și a privilegiului împotriva autoincriminării. Totodată, cercetarea analizează incidența principiului în fazele procesului penal, precum și impactul discursului public al autorităților asupra imaginii de nevinovăție a persoanei acuzate.
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